Yellow Fever immunization: Everything You Need To Know
The following is everything you need to know about yellow fever and how to go about receiving a immunization.
What is yellow fever?Yellow fever is a serious disease caused by the yellow fever virus. It is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Who’s at risk for yellow fever?Yellow fever is found in certain parts of Africa and South America.
Can I catch yellow fever from another person?No. Yellow fever cannot be spread person to person by direct contact.
What are the symptoms of yellow fever?Fever and flu-like symptoms. In advanced stages, yellow fever can cause jaundice (yellowing around the skin and eyes), bleeding from multiple body sites, organ failure, and death.
Is there a yellow fever immunization available?Yes, but you can only get a yellow fever immunization at a designated immunization center.
Is there one nearby?Travel Clinic of New York is located right in the heart of Midtown Manhattan on Madison Avenue between 39th and 40th.
Visit www.TravelClinicNY.com or call (212) 696-5900 for more information.
Will I receive proof of my yellow fever immunization?Yes. Travel Clinic of NY provides travelers with all of the immunization documentation needed to complete their trip. After getting the yellow fever immunization, you should be given a stamped and signed “International Certificate of immunization or Prophylaxis”. You will need this yellow card to enter certain countries. Travelers without proof of immunization could be given the vaccine upon entry or detained for up to six days to make sure they are not infected.
How long will yellow fever immunizations last?The vaccine becomes fully effective 10 days after it is given, and lasts for up to 10 years. Vaccine boosters are recommended after 10 years.
What other precautions should I take to avoid yellow fever when traveling?Stay in well-screened or air-conditioned areas. Wear clothes that cover most of your body. Use an effective insect repellent, such as those containing DEET.
Will the yellow fever immunization hurt?Probably not, and if so not much and not for long. The yellow fever immunization is a live, weakened virus given as a single shot. The yellow fever vaccine may be given at the same time as most other vaccines.
Who should get the yellow fever immunization? People between one year and 59 years old should get the yellow fever immunization if they are traveling to, or living in, and area where there is a risk of contracting yellow fever. Also, lab personnel who might be exposed to the yellow fever virus should be vaccinated.
Can I donate blood after getting a yellow fever immunization? You should wait two weeks before donating blood after getting the yellow fever immunization.
Is there any reason I shouldn’t get the yellow fever immunization. People with severe allergies to any component of the vaccine should not get it. These include allergies to eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin. If you have a comprised immune system due to HIV/AIDS, steroid use, or chemotherapy, you should not get the yellow fever immunization. Children under six months old and adult over age 60 should not get the vaccine. Also, if you’ve had a bad reaction to a previous yellow fever immunization, don’t get another one.
What kind of adverse reactions should I look for following the yellow fever immunization?Soreness, redness, or swelling at the site where the shot was given. These problems may occur in as many as one out of every four people who receive the yellow fever immunization.
Are there any severe reactions associated with the yellow fever immunization?Severe reactions are very rare. About one in every 55,000 people who receive the shot will have a severe allergic reaction to one of the vaccine components. Severe nervous system reactions are seen in about one of every 125,000 people, and life-threatening illness is report in about one person in every 250,000.
Yellow Fever – Time To Say Goodbye
Yellow fever is defined as an extreme viral haemorrhagic sickness. This type of virus is transmitted through the bite of a female mosquito frequently found in tropical regions of Africa and South America. It is understood that this virus strains in Africa and the affected South America in the 16th century when the slave trade began. In the 17th century, yellow fever was an outbreak affecting Africa, Europe and America. In the 19th century, was considered one of the most fatally infectious diseases in the history of killing millions.
Yellow fever is not transmitted by direct contact as people firstly thought. It was only in 1900 when the Walter Reed Commission headed by an American army physician Major Walter Reed, MD D. Confirmed theory that disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. Although mainly accepted Major Walter Reed as the person who “beat” the sickness, most are not aware that a Cuban doctor named Carlos Juan Finlay was at the rear of the discovery.
Dr Carlos Juan Finlay was born on December 3, 1833 in Puerto Principe in Cuba. He was a Cuban doctor and scientist and the man who pioneered the research on yellow fever. He studied at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1853 and graduated 1855th He studied in Havana and Paris to fulfill his medical studies.
Doctor Finlay hypothesized in 1881, that a mosquito called the disease vector is the person responsible for the spread of yellow fever. According to Finlay, the mosquitoes that have bitten a person with the sickness could transmit the disease by biting a healthy person. After a year Finlay was able to identify the mosquito that spreads the sickness, which belongs to the genus Aedes. He recommended to control the population of mosquitoes to control the advancement of yellow fever.
It took 20 years before the Walter Reed Commission apparently confirmed Finlay’s theory. Although much of the credit went to doctor Reed to turn yellow fever, doctor Walter even credited doctor Finlay’s hypothesis showed us how to control the Yellow fever and discover a true vector.
Dr Juan Carlos Finlay’s findings has made substantial contributions to the welfare of humanity who have given so much pride and Cuban flags.
Fever 1793 Reviews
Fever 1793
During the summer of 1793, Mattie Cook lives above the family coffee shop with her widowed mother and grandfather. Mattie spends her days avoiding chores and making plans to turn the family business into the finest Philadelphia has ever seen. But then the fever breaks out. Disease sweeps the streets, destroying everything in its path and turning Mattie's world upside down. At her feverish mother's insistence, Mattie flees the city with her grandfather. But she soon discovers that the sickness is everywhere, and Mattie must learn quickly how to survive in a city turned frantic with disease.On the heels of her acclaimed contemporary teen novel Speak, Laurie Halse Anderson surprises her fans with a riveting and well-researched historical fiction. Fever 1793 is based on an actual epidemic of yellow fever in Philadelphia that wiped out 5,000 people--or 10 percent of the city's population--in three months. At the close of the 18th century, Philadelphia was the bustling capital of the United States, with Washington and Jefferson in residence. During the hot mosquito-infested summer of 1793, the dreaded yellow fever spread like wildfire, killing people overnight. Like specters from the Middle Ages, gravediggers drew carts through the streets crying "Bring out your dead!" The rich fled to the country, abandoning the city to looters, forsaken corpses, and frightened survivors.
In the foreground of this story is 16-year-old Mattie Cook, whose mother and grandfather own a popular coffee house on High Street. Mattie's comfortable and interesting life is shattered by the epidemic, as her mother is felled and the girl and her grandfather must flee for their lives. Later, after much hardship and terror, they return to the deserted town to find their former cook, a freed slave, working with the African Free Society, an actual group who undertook to visit and assist the sick and saved many lives. As first frost arrives and the epidemic ends, Mattie's sufferings have changed her from a willful child to a strong, capable young woman able to manage her family's business on her own. (Ages 12 and older) --Patty Campbell
A History of the Yellow Fever: The Yellow Fever Epidemi
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Diagnosis of 2Nd Week of Typhoid Fever (Stage of Fastigium)
The fever continues high, i.e., the temperature becomes continues & constant with range of 103LF to 105LF.
The patient becomes dull, weak, stuporous & apathetic.
The headache disappears because of the dulling of the consciousness.
The bowels become loose, 5-6 yellow or green ‘pea-soup’ stools may pass without colic or tenesmus, blood being absent.
Cough aggravates due to secondary bronchitis & bronchopneumonia.
Delirium may occur- Low, muttering delirium.
On examination, the patient looks ill & toxic.
The temperature remains continuous or remittent by the end of this week 103LF to 105LF.
The pulse is no more dicortic & becomes accelerated due to myocarditis.
Sordes appear on the teeth, the tongue & lips become dry & cracked.
The abdomen becomes doughy tumid, tympanitic & tender; the liver & spleen are palpable & soft.
Bronchitis & bronchopneumonia develop.
The rose-spots, varing from 6-30 in number usually appear between the 7th -10th day or earlier. These are due to bacterial embolism. These are found in 10-20% of all cases & are Pinkish circular maculo papules measuring 2-4mm. in diameter. These appear in successive crops on the flank, abdomen & back & last 3-4 days after which these fade away leaving a brownish tint. This fades under pressure. Microscopically aggregation of the mononuclear cells around dilated capillaries of the skin is seen.
Blood examination show leucopenia, neutropenia, relative lymphocytosis & monocytosis.
Blood culture show B. typhosus in 70% cases.
Widal test positive after 9-11 days.
Urine & stool culture may show B. typhosus.
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Travel vaccinations: yellow fever, malaria, TB and immuno compromised travelers
According to the CDC, traveling internationally requires that you get vaccinations. Some vaccinations are required by the international health board and some are recommended. Types of vaccinations will depend on your health status and your destinations.
If you’re ill and have a weakened immune system like having diabetes or HIV, then you will need more vaccinations than the non ill person. If you’re going to places like Africa then you will be required to take certain vaccine to prevent disease infection.
According to the CDC, populations with a weakened immune system or have similar medical illness are discouraged from traveling to Africa where yellow fever is prevalent. Those that have recent chemo therapy or transplant or surgery are also discouraged from traveling to places like Africa that have yellow fever.
What are the vaccines that are required or recommended for the immuno-compromised travelers? The populations with a current medical illness or have a weakened immune system should take yellow fever vaccine, influenza or Hib vaccine (flu), and pneumococcal Polysaccharide.
According to the CDC, the immuno-compromised populations is strongly encourage not to do any traveling to foreign country since there are a low health standards and high diseases spreading around. These patients would not do well having these infections. Patients that are currently on medications therapy are also discouraged to travel to foreign country. The level of diseases in foreign country is higher than in the US.
Immuno-compromised individuals are encouraged to take precautions against malaria, hepatitis, TB and all others that are very prevalent in foreign country. You should bring an over supply of medications just in case you would need it. Some country prohibit HIV patients from entering their country. Some country requires test for HIV antibody for students, and employees on permit.
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/travel
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